Music In Education Essays - Human Communication, Linguistics

Music In Education Essays - Human Communication, Linguistics Music In Education Music in instruction is fundamental to our kids since it expands their listening abilities and is a typical technique for correspondence for societies around the world. Music is Education There are schools endeavoring to wipe out showing melodic expressions to our kids. The leading group of training claims they should give instruction by focusing on the essential scholastic courses, however what they don't understand is that music is a significant piece of fundamental instruction. We must not permit them to haul the instructing of music out of our school educational plans in light of the fact that music is a fundamental type of correspondence. Our youngsters don't need to be familiar with the expressions to get the estimation of expansive presentation to the distinctive melodic discoursed. Hardship of a truly important piece of training happens on the off chance that we don't instruct them to welcome a wide assortment of music. Allegorically, we regularly partner the terms language and language structure with the term music. This affiliation persuades that music is a type of language, perhaps on the grounds that no image framework other than language has a similar potential as music of unending profitability and accuracy. It takes a large number of headings and phonetic-type imagery to deliver a wonderful sounding melodic organization. This relates closely to the prerequisites of ordinary language. The essential goal of any communicated in language is to pass on an individual's contemplations in an intelligible style, however we must recollect that everybody thinks and fathoms everything in an unexpected way. Melodic language contains huge amounts of words to assist individuals with seeing how unique arrangers expected to play a particular piece. Melodic language additionally has bearings that permit and energize some extent of unique understanding and minor takeoffs from the composed score, bringing about no two exhibitions sounding precisely indistinguishable. The English language, as we probably am aware it, conveys an exceptionally solid corresponding to these equivalent interpretable words. Tongue and slang are only two of the numerous demonstrative structures to communicate in various dialects. All dialects contain these varieties and strengthen the requirement for endeavoring toward understanding a fundamentally conventional language. It would be hard to address a non-English talking individual and obviously pass on a message except if the two people were acquainted with fundamental wording. It would be similarly as far-fetched to convey a melodic message to somebody not instructed or intrigued by melodic understanding. The term music in itself has a wide range of implications. One in the United States might not have the equivalent discernments as one whose cause is France or Australia, or somewhere else on the planet. In my goes through Europe and South America I made some hard memories finding any genuinely unique, privately created music. Most of the music I looked through were additionally well known in the United States. It was extremely simple to discover outsiders singing an American tune utilizing their understanding of our language. The whole world is by all accounts ready to speak with music and appears to comprehend it enough to share their own melodic translation. Music is it's very own language and relying upon how we talk it, it also can achieve a huge number of results. Individuals are not any more ready to comprehend an unknown dialect without instruction than they are to comprehend the implicit language of music without appropriate melodic training. A solitary score of music deciphered with a couple of numerous accessible melodic headings can recount the same number of stories as there are varieties. For instance, playing Cristofori's Dream by David Lanz totally lento-pianisimo (slow and delicate), makes a peaceful and serene mind-set. Played again allegro-specialty (energetic, lively, and noisy), discharges an elevating feeling. However, by utilizing the two understandings logically and backward inside this indistinguishable melodic score, one could feel exhausted and thrilled in the equivalent time span. This is maybe the most ascribable motivation to seek after an information on melodic semantics. Inside music one communicates numerous feelings, communicates in numerous dialects, passes on complex messages, and ! recounts to numerous accounts. Music can be a narrow minded type of discussion also, it isn't generally important to have a beneficiary to pass on a message. One has just to tune in while playing music to speak with themselves, yet most would presume the dependability of an individual who endeavored this situation by basically talking and reacting while alone. Music consolidates the physical parts of amicability with a brilliant and otherworldly impact making an inward harmony. Only occasionally will words alone be fit for achieving what only one melodic piece can impart when we show our kids to appreciate music. With every single accessible type of correspondence, one ought to always remember that

The Myth of Exodus Essay -- Holy Bible Essays

The Myth of Exodus There are numerous subjects going through the Old Testament fantasy of Exodus †servitude, salvage and recovery, direction, instructions on the most proficient method to live, the production of a country, and God’s control over different divine beings. In this paper I will investigate what seems, by all accounts, to be the head thinking behind the making of the Exodus legend †the clarification of the making of a monotheistic religion and the similitudes of the Exodus fantasy to the old fantasies, just as how one should move toward the perusing of the legend. Above all else, we have to comprehend what a fantasy is. William Bascom says in his paper, â€Å"The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives†, â€Å"Myths are composition stories which, in the general public where they are told, are viewed as honest records of what occurred in the remote past† (Dundes 9). Attempting to demonstrate the components in the fantasy as true are in opposition to the very presence of the legend. In perusing Old Testament Bible fantasy, the subject of heavenly motivation versus recorded truth is frequently discussed. â€Å"A fantasy offers a substantial expression about the birthplaces of the world, of society and of its establishments, about the divine beings and their relationship with humans, to put it plainly, about everything on which human presence depends† (Graf 3). Further, the setting where the legend was composed must be considered when perusing the story. Bronislaw Malinowski in his article â€Å"The Role of Myth in Life† says that â€Å"The content, obviously, is critical, yet without the setting it remains lifeless† (Malinowski 201). The setting that should be tended to when perusing the fantasy are the social and sociological segments that encompass a fanciful content. This unique situation, comprising of the comprehension of the way of life wherein the legend exte... ...guide of appropriate conduct for the new society that has been freed from subjugation. Inside the setting of history, the legend offers people in the future a brief look at another religions beginnings. As the new code of laws is set into place, another and all the more impressive god develops †a lord of extraordinary quality, a divine being that overrides every other god, one god over all others. Works Cited Coogan, Michael D., ed. The New Oxford Annotated Bible, third Ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Dalley, Stephanie. Fantasies from Mesopotamia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Dundes, Alan, ed. Holy Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. LA: University of California Press, 1984. Graf, Fritz. Greek Mythology: An Introduction. Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987. Segal, Robert A. Hypothesizing About Myth. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999.

Report On British Airways Example

Report On British Airways Example Report On British Airways â€" Coursework Example > AbstractBritish Airways is the largest airline of the United Kingdom. This analytical essay presents information about British Airways and just how this airline has become so successful in such a short spam of time. The bibliography presents a number of sources in Harvard format. OutlineExecutive SummaryIntroduction Structure and key issues of the European airlines industryPEST Analysis for the present and upcoming years of the airline industryThe airline industry in terms of Poster’s five forcesmajor threats and opportunities confronting British AirwaysWays that British Airways might take up to consolidate its improved performanceConclusion and RecommendationsExecutive Summary Founded in the year 1924 as Imperial Airways, British Airways is now the largest airline of the United Kingdom, and is counted amongst the largest in entire Europe. A number of airlines merged in the year 1935 under the name of British Airways ltd, which were later nationalized 1939 so as to form British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). In the year 1949, a new airline was launched with the name of British European Airways (BEA) and in 1972, BEA and BOAC combined together and were later joined by many different airlines to form British Airways in the year 1974. British Airways became the most profitable airline in the entire world in the 1990s and also made its slogan “The World’s Favorite Airline”. Now, British Airways has more than five hundred and fifty destinations and that too at the best airports across the world. In recent years, airlines within Europe have seen much growth, and are facing far much more competition. A number of reasons and issues can be related to the emergence of budget airlines all across Europe. The top most reason here being the deregulation of the airline industry in the year 1997, extremely bad economy in the 1990s (which brought up many issues such as lesser productivity etc, and the recent terrorist attacks that took place in the year 2001, after which there was a sudden increase in the price of fuel. British Airways faces a number of opportunities and threats in upcoming years. These include the ever rising security issue, competition from other up coming airlines etc, but British Airways would definitely find its way through these problems. Opportunities include alliance with other airlines, flights to even more destinations etc. Introduction The airline industry across the world has been growing rapidly. In recent times, the usage of airlines has increased, or it can be said that people now prefer traveling by air as compared to other means of transportation. The airline industry is mainly being used by people to travel for business as well as holiday purposes. People now find it extremely convenient and inexpensive to fly to further very exotic destinations to spend their holiday time. As for business trips, most of the companies across the world have a number of international investments, hence traveling to inte rnational countries is a must for business men. While the aviation industry has grown rapidly across the world, the European airline industry seems to be most profitable. Europe has played a major role in the growth of the airline industry throughout the world. Low-cost airlines, availability of more seats, even more flights etc are some of the factors that have and will always play an active role in the rapid growth of the European airline industry. A research study showed that in the month of July, 2005, airlines all over the world issued nearly 20.8 tickets to people traveling to and from Europe, which was a whole seven percent increase since July, 2004. Also the same report showed that the capacity of seats in the European -airlines has increased from a mere 3.8 million to/ a shocking 63.5 million, a whole six percent increase (Stanley, 2005). In the European aviation industry, the British airlines have outgrown all of the others. UK’s largest international airline is Britis h airways, which according to its website flies to over five hundred and fifty destinations. Being a low-cost airline, British Airways has gained huge revenue. Just recently, in September, 2006, British Airways announced its half year report which stated that British Airways had earned a profit of £345 million, even there was although the pre-tax profit was £371 million (Good results impacted by disruption, 2006).

Civil Disobedience And The Civil War - 1047 Words

As a people our national history was written, for the most part, as a result of civil disobedience. Breaking the laws that England imposed on the colonies was the first step in a revolution that established a new form of representative democracy. Most of the great social changes that have come about over the 200+ years of our existence had its roots in the embracing of breaking a law of the land dutifully enacted by a legislative body. Civil disobedience is the deliberate disobeying of a law, or government directive prohibiting the action you are taking. Many laws established by both the Congress and the southern states allowed slavery prior to the Civil War. Abolitionists were opposed to this concept of human beings as chattel and knowingly broke these laws in order to encourage and protect runaway slaves. Morally they felt justified and a Great War was arguably fought to bring about change in these laws—although, the primary reason for the Civil War was the preservation of t he Union. Typically, when civil disobedience comes up, we look to the long line of heroes who put their lives on the line to help define what civil disobedience meant and how it could be successfully used in order to effect change. Gandhi, Susan B. Anthony, M.L. King and Mandela, are among the many men and women who fought great injustices in the past by taking a stand and calling attention to an unjust law. They used civil disobedience against the established order of things as a tool to not onlyShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Impact On Civil Disobedience898 Words   |  4 Pages 4.5 War and Civil Disobedience Paper The ethical impact on civil disobedience can be familiar and justified well acknowledged refusal to obey, change, demand, the common laws that are ordered of a government, or of an occupying worldwide power. It is also a disobedience that is a representational or formalized violation of the law, rather than a denial of the system. Through evaluating the ethical issues involved in war and civil disobedience their concepts often are faced with governmentalRead MoreCivil Disobedience And The Apartheid1428 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout history, civil disobedience has been used to bring about change across a wide variety of civil rights issues. In India, Mahatma Gandhi used civil disobedience to nonviolently protest against the British Raj and, after a thirty-year struggle, earn independence both for himself and his people. In the United States, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. employed civil disobedience to overcome both the Jim Crow laws that had oppressed the African-American minori ty and the systemic racism that wasRead MoreThe Resistance Of Civil Government1556 Words   |  7 Pagesginally titled Resistance to Civil Government, has had a wide influence on many later practitioners of civil disobedience. The driving idea behind the essay is that citizens are morally responsible for their support of aggressors, even when such support is required by law. In the essay, Thoreau explained his reasons for having refused to pay taxes as an act of protest against slavery and against the Mexican–American War. He writes, If I devote myself to other pursuits and contemplations, I mustRead MoreEssay on Civil Disobedience1532 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Civil disobedience is the term assigned to actions taken by individuals to sway public opinion about laws that individuals deem unfair or unjust. Actions taken are usually nonviolent, and can include sit-ins, mass demonstrations, picket lines, and marches. Citizens are acting on their consciences, demonstrating highly advanced moral reasoning skills. Generally, these advanced skills fall into Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Development, Stage Five and Six in particular. Characteristics ofRead MoreHenry David Thoreau Resistance To Civil Disobedience Analysis1508 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the era of the civil disobedience, individuals took stand and fight for their rights. the government took actions that violated the rights of others or took restrictions that angered residence. Resistance to civil government by Henry David Thoreau is an essay written about his opinion on opposing the government that was taking control of people’s rights, motivating his disagreement of slavery and the Mexican-American war. Mahatma Gandhi, a leader who fought for the Indians independent movementRead MoreCivil Disobedience and Change Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesHow has civil disobedience been used to engender change? The human race has a long history of disobedience, beginning in the early biblical texts with the story of Adam and Eve. There are also many examples of civil disobedience the permeate known human history that include various forms of civil disobedience, including mass exodus, boycott, strike, non-cooperation and conscientious objection. Henry David Thoreau was a pioneer of modern civil disobedience when he refused to pay a poll tax becauseRead More Henry Thoreau’s Influence on Martin Luther King Jr. Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesHenry David Thoreau wrote an essay called Civil Disobedience which little did he know would influence great leaders such as Mohandas Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, and US civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1929. He graduated college with honors and developed a talent for public speaking. A man by the name of Edgar D. Nixon saw King’s public-speaking gifts as great assets in the battle for black civil rights in Montgomery, where the bus systemRead MoreCivil Disobedience: Cost of Change1469 Words   |  6 Pages2013 Civil Disobedience: The cost of change More than 40,000 strong activists from the Sierra Club protested at the White House to reject the Keystone XL Pipeline proposal. They protested because they the extraction of tar sand oil and moving it from Canada to Texas will pollute the groundwater in the surface (Hammel). Civil disobedience is â€Å"the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power† (Civil Disobedience). ThroughoutRead MoreCivil Disobedience in America1044 Words   |  4 Pagesobedient includes: religious beliefs, background, and work ethics. Civil disobedience played a large role in America. Creating protests, riots, and sit-ins, America had many examples of disobedience. In America, we value our rights as citizens and individuals. We have the right to protest as stated in the first amendment of the United States Constitution, which is called Freedom of Speech. According to the Webster Dictionary, civil disobedience is said to be â€Å"the refusal to obey government demands or commandsRead MoreCivil Disobedience, By Thoreau870 Words   |  4 PagesCivil disobedience is the refusal to obey civil laws in an effort to induce change in governmental policy or legislation. Thoreau s infamous ideas on Civil Disobedience, written in 1849, have been monumental in the fight for change. It has helped influence change anywhere from the 1940s fight against Danish resistance, to the 1950s and McCarthyism. Thoreau s words have helped lead the way to freedom. It has made the people of the world think about how they are being governed and how they

How Cosmetic Makeover Programs Empower Corrective Operation

Makeover shows have socially constructed feminine ideals of beauty. Furthermore, these representations have created high standards of beauty; as a consequence, this negatively affects women’s perception of ideal bodily beauty. Here, I intend to elucidate this subject through three ways. First, I will examine how cosmetic makeover programs empower corrective operation as a means to meet and become the ‘ideal’ female. Second, I will explore the association prevailing within self-reported exposure to TV makeover shows and spectator self-regard, perfectionism, and body image dissatisfaction. Third, in retrospect of the correlation mentioned above, I will describe how vulnerability to television makeover programs are negatively correlated to self-worth and positively related to perfectionism and body image disappointment. The primary objects of study within this essay are makeover programs, focusing on a show Extreme Makeover. As we have known, in today s society, the external features of an individual are of high significance in every phase of their life. While this pertains to both male and female persons to a certain degree, particularly women are under the immense influence to live up to one selective, very definite kind of beauty. The goal is to be slim, young, white and tall, to have big breasts and long legs. Furthermore, in makeover shows, staying thin is characterized as the most significant feature for each female contestant to be content in her life, to beShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership

Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis Free Essays

Chapter 5 Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis exercises Exercise 5–1 Requirement 1 Alpine West should recognize revenue over the ski season on an anticipated usage basis, in this case equally throughout the season. The fact that the $450 price is nonrefundable is not relevant to the revenue recognition decision. Revenue should be recognized as it is earned, in this case as the services are provided during the ski season. We will write a custom essay sample on Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Requirement 2 November 6, 2013 Cash450 Unearned revenue450 To record the cash collection December 31, 2013 Unearned revenue ($450 x 1/5)90 Revenue90 To recognize revenue earned in December (no revenue earned in November, as season starts on December 1). Requirement 3 $90 is included in revenue in the 2013 income statement. The $360 remaining balance in unearned revenue is included in the current liability section of the 2013 balance sheet. Exercise 5–3 Requirement 1 2013 cost recovery %: $234,000 = 65% (gross profit % = 35%) $360,000 2014 cost recovery %: $245,000 = 70% (gross profit % = 30%) $350,000 2013 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales of $150,000 x 35%=$52,500 2014 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales of $100,000 x 35%=$ 35,000 +Cash collection from 2014 sales of $120,000 x 30%= 36,000 Total 2014 gross profit $71,000 Requirement 2 2013 deferred gross profit balance: 2013 initial gross profit ($360,000 – 234,000)$126,000 Less: Gross profit recognized in 2013 (52,500) Balance in deferred gross profit account$73,500 2014 deferred gross profit balance: 2013 initial gross profit ($360,000 – 234,000)$ 126,000 Less: Gross profit recognized in 2013 (52,500) Gross profit recognized in 2014(35,000) 2014 initial gross profit ($350,000 – 245,000)105,000 Less: Gross profit recognized in 2014 (36,000) Balance in deferred gross profit account$107,500 Exercise 5–4 2013 Installment receivables360,000 Inventory234,000 Deferred gross profit126,000 To record installment sales 2013 Cash150,000 Installment receivables150,000 To record cash collections from installment sales 2013 Deferred gross profit52,500 Realized gross profit52,500 To recognize gross profit from installment sales 2014 Installment receivables350,000 Inventory245,000 Deferred gross profit105,000 To record installment sales 2014 Cash220,000 Installment receivables220,000 To record cash collections from installment sales 2014 Deferred gross profit71,000 Realized gross profit71,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Exercise 5–5 Requirement 1 YearIncome recognized 2013$180,000 ($300,000 – 120,000) 2014- 0 – 2015- 0 – 2016 – 0 – Total$180,000 Requirement 2 Cost recovery %: $120,000 ————- = 40% (gross profit % = 60%) $300,000 | | | | |Year |Cash Collected |Cost Recovery(40%) |Gross Profit(60%) | |2013 |$ 75,000 |$ 30,000 |$ 45,000 | |2014 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 45,000 | |2015 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 45,000 | |2016 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 45,000 | | Totals |$300,000 |$120,000 |$180,000 | | | | | | Requirement 3 | | | | | |Year |Cash Collected |Cost Recovery |Gross Profit | |2013 |$ 75,000 |$ 75,000 | – 0 – | |2014 | 75,000 | 45,000 $ 30,000 | |201 5 | 75,000 | – 0 – | 75,000 | |2016 | 75,000 | – 0 – | 75,000 | | Totals |$300,000 |$120,000 |$180,000 | | | | | | Exercise 5–11 Requirement 1 20132014 Contract price$2,000,000$2,000,000 Actual costs to date 300,0001,875,000 Estimated costs to complete 1,200,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 1,500,0001,875,000 Gross profit (estimated in 2013)$ 500,000$ 125,000 Gross profit recognition: 2013: $ 300,000 = 20% x $500,000 = $100,000 $1,500,000 2014:$125,000 – 100,000 = $25,000 Requirement 2 2013$ – 0 – 2014$125,000 Requirement 3 | | | | | |Balance Sheet | | | | |At December 31, 2013 | | | |Current assets: | | | | |Accounts receivable | |$ 130,000 | | |Costs and profit ($400,000*) in excess | | | | |of billings ($380,000) | |20,000 | | | | | | | * Costs ($300,000) + profit ($100,000) Exercise 5–11 (concluded) Requirement 4 | | | | |Balance Sheet | | | | |At December 31, 2013 | | | | |Current assets: | | | | | Accounts receivable | |$ 130,000 | | | | | | | |Current liabilities: | | | | |Billings ($380,000) in excess of costs ($300,000) | |$ 80,000 | | | | | | | problems Problem 5–2 Requirement 1 2013 cost recovery % : $180,000 = 60% (gross profit % = 40%) $300,000 2014 cost recovery %: $280,000 = 70% (gross profit % = 30%) $400,000 2013 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales = $120,000 x 40%= $48,000 2014 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales = $100,000 x 40%= $ 40,000 +Cash collection from 2014 sales = $150,000 x 30%= 45,000 Total 2014 gross profit $85,000 Requirement 2 013 Installment receivables300,000 Inventory180,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash120,000 Installment receivables120,000 To record cash collections from installment sales Deferred gross profit48,000 Realized gross profit48,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Problem 5–2 (continued) 2014 Installment receivables400,000 Inventory280,000 Deferred gr oss profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash250,000 Installment receivables250,000 To record cash collections from installment sales Deferred gross profit85,000 Realized gross profit85,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Requirement 3 | | | | |Date |Cash Collected |Cost Recovery |Gross Profit | | | | | | |2013 | | | | |2013 sales |$120,000 |$120,000 |- 0 – | | | | | | |2014 | | | |2013 sales | $100,000 | $ 60,000 |$40,000 | |2014 sales | 150,000 | 150,000 | – 0 – | | 2014 totals |$250,000 |$210,000 |$40,000 | | | | | | Problem 5–2 (concluded) 2013 Installment receivables300,000 Inventory180,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash120,000 Installment receivables120,000 To record cash collection from installment sales 2014 Installment receivables400,000 Inventory280,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash250,000 Installment receivables250,000 To record cash collection from installment sales Deferred gross profit40,000 Realized gross profit40,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Problem 5–5 Requirement 1 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,000,000 8,200,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 2,000,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,200,000 Estimated gross profit (loss) (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ 2,000,000$ 1,800,000 Gross profit (loss) recognition: 2013: $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014: $6,000,000 = 75. 0% x $2,000,000 = $1,500,000 – 600,000 = $900,000 $8,000,000 015:$1,800,000 – 1,500,000 = $300,000 Problem 5–5 (continued) Requirement 2 | | | | | | |2013 |2014 |2015 | | | | | | |Construction in progress |2,400,000 |3,600,000 |2,200,000 | | Various accounts 2,400,000 |3,600,000 |2,200,000 | |To record construction costs | | | | | | | | | |Accounts receiv able |2,000,000 |4,000,000 |4,000,000 | | Billings on construction contract |2,000,000 |4,000,000 |4,000,000 | |To record progress billings | | | | | | | | | |Cash |1,800,000 |3,600,000 |4,600,000 | | Accounts receivable |1,800,000 |3,600,000 |4,600,000 | |To record cash collections | | | | | | | | | |Construction in progress | 600,000 | 900,000 | 300,000 | |(gross profit) | | | | |Cost of construction |2,400,000 |3,600,000 |2,200,000 | |(cost incurred) | | | | | Revenue from long-term contracts (1) |3,000,000 |4,500,000 |2,500,000 | |To record gross profit | | | | | | | | | (1) Revenue recognized: 2013: 30% x $10,000,000 =$3,000,000 2014: 75% x $10,000,000 =$7,500,000 Less: Revenue recognized in 2013(3,000,000) Revenue recognized in 2014$4,500,000 2015: 100% x $10,000,000 =$10,000,000 Less: Revenue recognized in 2013 2014 (7,500,000) Revenue recognized in 2015$2,500,000 Problem 5–5 (continued) Requirement 3 | | | | | |Balance Sheet | |2013 | |2014 | | | | | | | |Curren t assets: | | | | | |Accounts receivable | |$ 200,000 | |$600,000 | |Construction in progress |$3,000,000 | |$7,500,000 | | | Less: Billings |(2,000,000) | |(6,000,000) | | |Costs and profit in excess | | | | | |of billings | |1,000,000 | |1,500,000 | Requirement 4 01320142015 Costs incurred during the year$2,400,000$3,800,000$3,200,000 Estimated costs to complete as of year-end 5,600,000 3,100,000 – 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,200,000 9,400,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 3,100,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 8,000,000 9,300,000 9,400,000 Estimated gross profit (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ 700,000$ 600,000 Problem 5–5 (concluded) Gross profit (loss) recognition: 2013: $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014: $6,200,000 = 66. 6667% x $700,000 = $466,667 – 600,000 = $(133,333) $9,300,000 015:$600,000 – 466,667 = $133,333 Requirement 5 201320142015 Costs incurred during the year$2,400,000$3,800,000$3,900,000 Estimated costs to complete as of year-end 5,600,000 4,100,000 – 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,200,00010,100,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 4,100,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 8,000,00010,300,00010,100,000 Estimated gross profit (loss) (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ (300,000)$ (100,000) Gross profit (loss) recognition: 2013: $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014: $(300,000) – 600,000 = $(900,000) 2015: $(100,000) – (300,000) = $200,000 How to cite Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis, Papers

Green Peace Responsible for the Golden Rice Protest

Question: Discuss about theGreen Peace Responsible for the Golden Rice Protest. Answer: Introduction Golden rice is a genetically modified crop, designed to meet the demand of vitamin A in the Vitamin A deficient people. It produces beta carotene which converts to vitamin A in human body. The buzz created around with the use of golden rice to meet the deficiency of vitamin A has largely affected its use all around the world. The Greenpeace organization which opposes the genetically engineered crops has made people to reject these crops. Owing to number of poor people who could not afford a multi vitamin rich nutrient diet, rejection of such crop is wrong. I believe that G.E. rice should be used to minimise the vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. What is Golden Rice? Golden rice is an engineered variety of rice to biosynthesize beta- carotene which is a precursor of vitamin A. Two genes with beta carotene biosynthesis were transferred in the rice plant. Psy (phytoene synthase) and crtl (carotene desaturase). Beta carotene is produced in the leaves of the rice plant where it takes part in the photosynthesis. In order to maximise the dietary benefits the modified to produce beta carotene in the endosperm. As the name indicates the colour of the crop is yellow which differs from the naturally occurring rice. This colour is due to the presence of carotenoid pigment. Plant do not contain the direct form of vitamin A. They contain beta carotene which is metabolised in the human body. They are easy to digest. Vitamin A deficiency Vitamin A deficiency is very common in the developing and under developed countries. It causes blindness and death all around the world. Children and pregnant women of the developing and the under developed countries are mostly affected by this deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency is termed as VAD. Poverty is one of the major issues in these countries to meet the daily dietary requirement especially in case of children. This has increased the number of mal nourished children and affecting their development. The increase in the number of death due to VAD is not hidden. More than 650,000 children die every year due to VAD. VAD causes irreversible blindness and xerophthalmia in around 500,000 people every year. Golden rice effective measure to treat VAD should be allowed and discouraged by green peace. Golden rice can reduce the need to depend on several other food supplements to overcome vitamin A deficiency. In many countries the staple crop is rice especially in the south Asian countries. Golden rice is a cheap and efficient method to control VAD. It can improve the risk of blindness cancers and many infectious diseases. Blindness and Age related degenerative diseases can be controlled. Heart diseases and some cancer can also be controlled if vitamin level is good in the body. Gastrointestinal distress can reduced as the golden rice makes the digestion easy and avoid the symptoms. High blood pressure level and low fat can be maintained through golden rice. As per Dr. Moore -golden rice can prove effective for treating Ebola, malaria and cancer. The Anti Golden Rice Campaign Many organizations are opposing the use of golden rice by creating misconceptions among the common the people. Green peace organization is one of the major opponents. It has created many doubts in the masses which is affecting the launch of this project. Issue like the seeds of the GM crop will get mixed with the seeds of wild and native variety and spoil the natural crops are being raised. In Philippines, people uprooted the GE crops. The association of golden rice crops with the environment is being hyped in anti protest. The field trails are not allowed by the protestors. The stubborn attitude of green peace organization is creating a hurdle in the way. Benefits Golden rice is still under trial and will take many years to be launched in the field. The cost of production is not high. No allergens or toxins have been reported. The cross pollination issue that it will spoil the natural crops has a little possibility as the rice crop is basically self pollinated. The under rated benefits of the crops are misleading the people to use these crops. Green peace issues are not focussed on the number of the deaths and diseases that are prevalent due lack of vitamin A. They are focused on suppressing ways that are easy and not costly for the people to keep them health. Conclusion The primary issues should not be ignored by the governments of the countries. The scientist societies are coming forward in support of golden rice. Humanity should be the prime focus of world, neglecting the health based on superstitions is a mistake. Green peace organization should make way for the golden rice project and help in protecting the health of people. References Cotter, J. (2013). Golden illusion. The broken promises of golden rice. Oct. The Nethersland: Green peace international. Food pyramid.com.(2015) What is golden rice? Food pyramid. Available from https://www.foodpyramid.com?what-is-golden-rice/ [accessed on 10/09/2016] Golden rice is the part of solution. (2016). Golden rice project. Jun. Available from https://www.goldenrice.org. [Accessed on 19/09/2016] Harmon, A. (2013). Golden rice: lifesaver? The New York Times. 23rd Aug. Available from https://nyti.ms/19PO8Z6 [accessed on 19/09/2016]. Hathcock, J.N. (2000). The precautionary principle- an important burden of proof for new products. Agrobio forum. Volume .3 no. 4, pp 255-258 Mathiesen, K. (2013). GM crops: is opposition to golden rice wicked. The guardian. 14th Oct.

A Clock Work Orange essays

A Clock Work Orange essays This Stanley Kubrick film A Clock Work Orange is a multifaceted work of art with many different layers. One of the most prominent layers of this film is the one that relates to Behavior Modification. It shows quite colorfully the basic components of respondent conditioning such as; neutral stimulus (NS) unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and the conditioned response (CR). As well as higher order conditioning, discrimination and generalization. This movie expresses many of these aspects of behavior modification. Which is often portrayed in an obvious and over the top manner to prove a greater point. In doing so they have also illustrated some of the many misconceptions people have about behavior modification. In the beginning of this movie we are introduced to Alex, a young boy with a quick wit and a flare for Ultra Violence. The evil we see him indulged in before his "conditioning", starts with him and his gang maliciously beating an old homeless veteran and ends with him brutally killing a middle age well-to-do women. This last act of deviance lands him in jail and on the path to respondent conditioning. Respondent conditioning starts with the understanding that certain type of stimuli elicits a certain natural response. This is referred to as the US and the UR. In respondent conditioning we use these in conjunction with a neutral stimulus to get a CS and a CR. I will now identify the US, CS, UR, and CR as it pertains to the film. The behavior that was trying to be manipulated in this movie was Alexs evil tendencies towards sex and violence. The unconditioned stimulus the government used was the toxins they injected into Alex. This caused an unconditioned response of paralyzing nausea and dry heaving. They paired the dry heaving and nausea with videos of explicit violent sex scenes. There by making violence and sex the c ...

Majoring in Public Relations

Majoring in Public Relations Public relations is a worthwhile specialization for business majors who have an interest in marketing, advertising, and communication. Public relations (PR) professionals have the important responsibility of nurturing relationships between a company and its clients, customers, shareholders, the media, and other important parties central to a business. Nearly every industry employs public relations managers, which means that opportunities abound for individuals with a PR degree. Public Relations Degree Options There are public relations degree options at every level of study: Associate Program  - This undergraduate program lasts for two years and can be found at many small community colleges. Programs at this level commonly have a lot of general education classes and a small number of specialized classes in communications or public relations.  Bachelor Program  - This undergraduate program lasts for four years and can be found at most colleges and universities. Programs typically include a mix of general education courses and public relations courses. Some schools allow students to customize their education with specialized electives.  Masters Program  - This graduate program is for students who have already earned an undergraduate degree; it typically lasts two years and can be found at graduate schools and business schools. Masters programs, particularly MBA programs, commonly feature core business courses along with specialized courses in public relations. Many programs include opportunities for hands-on experiences.   Business majors interested  in working in the public relations field will be well-served with a four-year undergraduate degree. Most employment opportunities require at least a bachelors degree. However, there are some students who get their start by earning an associates degree with a specialization in communications or public relations. A masters degree or an  MBA degree  is advisable for students interested in a high-up position, such as a supervisory or specialist position. A dual MBA degree in public relations and advertising or public relations and marketing may also be beneficial.   Finding a Public Relations Program Business majors interested in pursuing a public relations specialization should have no problem locating degree programs at any level. Use the following tips to find the right program for you. Look for a program that is accredited. Accreditation  ensures a quality education and improves your chances of career success.Look at ranking lists from organizations like  U.S. News World Report  to see which public relations programs are considered among the best,If youre interested in working for a specific company, do some research to see which schools that company typically recruits from.   Public Relations Coursework Business majors  who want to work in public relations will need to learn how to  create, implement, and follow through with a public relations campaign. Courses will generally center on topics like: MarketingAdvertisingCommunicationsPromotional writingSpeech writingMedia planningCreative strategy  StatisticsEthics Working in Public Relations Public relations professionals can work for a specific company or for a PR firm that handles a wide variety of companies. Applicants  with a respected degree and a good understanding of various marketing concepts will have the best job opportunities.   To learn more about working in public relations, visit the Public Relations Society of America website.  The PRSA is the world’s largest organization of public relations professionals. Membership is open to recent college graduates and seasoned professionals. Members have access to educational and career resources as well as networking opportunities.   Common Job Titles Some of the most common job titles in the public relations field include: Promotions Assistant  - A promotions or advertising assistants handle communications and work on promotional campaigns.Public Relations Specialist  - PR or media specialists work with the media and help clients communicate with the public.  Public Relations Manager  -  Public relations managers or directors supervise PR departments. They perform many of the same duties as PR specialists.

Graduation for all English Language Learners Assignment

Graduation for all English Language Learners - Assignment Example 1 2 3 4 5 Scale # 3 (Personal Abilities / interest) Question # 6 Do I afford the cost / fee of learning English Language? 1 2 3 4 5 Question # 7 Do I have ability of learning English Language? 1 2 3 4 5 Question # 8 Do I have an interest in learning English Language? 1 2 3 4 5 Scale # 4 (benefits) Question # 9 After learning English Language, would I get good response from the market? 1 2 3 4 5 Question # 10 Would the English Language help / facilitate me to boost my professional career? 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction Peer Reviews; mean the evaluation of a work through diverse ways that ultimately gives confidence to the students / authors to look at their own writing as a work in progress. During the process of peer review, each of the students (peer reviewers) has an equal chance to criticize the work of their fellow student. The initial part of the document identified a construct and defined it using Peer Review articles / books on promoting English Language to all students till graduatio n. The developed construct contains basically four (4) types of questions which need to be answered to build up a trend for promoting English Language learning. ... The first (1st) scale contains two (2) items, whereas, each item has been rated five (5) points Likert scale. The two (2) questions on this scale have been developed to know whether the candidate has been facilitated to take admission in graduation of English Language. The second (2nd) scale contains three (3) questions and the answer of the each question would be rated five (5) points Likert scale. This scale has been developed to identify the efforts made by the English Language learning candidate for knowing the importance of the subject. Moreover, the questions identify the efforts of the instructors for attracting students to learn English Language. The third (3rd) scale contains three (3) items and each of the items would be rated five (5) points Likert scale. This scale identifies the personal interest as well as the capabilities of the English Language learning candidate to know whether the candidate wants to learn English Language. The forth (4th) scale contains four (4) ite ms; each item would be rated five (5) points Likert scale. The questions in the scale facilitate to recognize the future scope of the English Language learners; this scale would be utilized to motivate the candidates to learn English Language (Timberlake, 2009). Method of scaling These assessments use a summative scale to obtain a total assessment score to identify the level of the content. A five (5) step Likert scale has been utilized with the ratings include: ‘Strongly disagree’, ‘Disagree’, ‘Neither Agree or Disagree’, ‘Agree’ and ‘Strongly Agree’. The scoring for the above given ratings which have been utilized in the document include from one (1) to five (5),

The quality of risk management in the Civil Engineering Assignment

The quality of risk management in the Civil Engineering - Assignment Example The paper tells that to any engineer, a statement of â€Å"risk† in correlation with a hazard represents the combination of the probability that a hazard will occur and the resulting consequences of that hazard. The possible consequences could range from traumatic injury or death, the cost of rebuilding a structure, the loss of revenue from suspension of economic activity, In addition to environmental damage, and further dangers. To be specific, a hazard can be defined as a set of conditions with the potential to cause adverse or undesirable events. In any case, the safety issue has to be addressed either by the soundness and safety of the design, or by directed measures taken in advance to minimize dangers. Facility construction and civil engineering by necessity involves a wide range of risks. International projects — defined in this case as those where the owner and/or contractor originate from a country other than that of where the project is situated — usual ly require a wider range of issues than purely domestic efforts. There is no doubt that venturing beyond one’s typical business jurisdiction produces many unknowns. Factors concerning owner investment decisions involving international capital facilities can be highly complex and may differ in crucial ways from region to region and between various projects. Contractors are faced with similar challenges when they begin working outside of their country of residency. International projects differ from purely domestic operations in areas such as legal regulations, construction systems/equipment, available technology, and management strategies. The success of a particular venture, and in some cases the viability of the entire organization, can depend upon an understanding of the risks correlating with these projects. International projects that fail in these implicit challenges in terms of scale, budget, and scheduling can result in a variety of undesirable impacts with severe econ omic, social, and political consequences. There is little doubt that construction projects of many eventual purposes going through a process of systematic review for the purpose of risk assessment and managed decision-making will benefit over those that do not. Viewed collectively, construction in a global sense is an essential worldwide industry which by itself accounts for approximately US$3.4 trillion, which constitutes nearly 10% of gross domestic product globally. (Bon, 2000) This sum is distributed among local, regional, or national enterprises, yet an increasing percentage of industry players conduct operations on an international level (Bon 2001). Most recently, the United States has been the largest construction market. With estimates reaching over $800 billion USD—projects completed outside of the domestic market. Construction in a general sense has a history of even greater capital investment in the portfolios of American owners, as well as the work performed by Am erican contractors. The development and operations of multinational corporations serves as a major contributor to the creation of an international market for construction in a way not possible in previous centuries. (United Nations 2001). Most industry experts propose that international business opportunities will continue to attract American foreign investment, while the international construction market will draw U.S. contractors. American Owners are vigorous in searching out international opportunities for new markets or to streamline cost effectiveness in present manufacturing operations. The globalization of the international construction markets allows for considerable profit for contractors to expand into additional foreign markets (Hann and Diekmann 2002). With the expansion of profit potential comes in added need for safety. The effort to minimize safety hazards is not only an issue of public concern, but as the market expands construction hazards pose an increasing threat to the budgetary constraints of many firms. With greater investment also comes greater potential for losses if

Achieving Universal Electricity Access

Achieving Universal Electricity Access PART I: INTRODUCTION Background of Study The importance of modern energy services in promoting socio-economic development has been extensively documented in the literature (Kaygusuz 2011), (Kanagawa and Nakata 2007) (Kanagawa and Nakata 2008). Access to modern energy services is closely related to other indicators of a descent standard of living in the 21st century, namely, availability of portable drinking water, literacy, health services, child mortality, etc (Meisen and Akin 2008). For example, in rural areas, the higher luminance of modern lighting brightens homes and encourages pupils to study in the nights; clean cookstoves and cookers using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) can reduce incidences of indoor-air pollution caused by reliance on traditional biomass for cooking (Isihak, Akpan and Adeleye 2012), etc. As the most versatile carrier of energy, electricity is important in the provisions of basic social services in health, water, etc. Electricity is also useful promoting the income formation in rural areas through t he development of rural microenterprises (Akpan, Essien and Isihak 2013a). Electricity also powers large machinery in factories to increase productivity. Modern energy services, especially electricity, are crucial to several sectors of the economy of any country: higher education, agriculture, financial services, communication, rural development, etc. Despite the huge advantages of having access to electricity, several millions of persons around the world lack access to electricity. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated that in 2011 about xxx billion persons lacked access to electricity of which xxx million were in sub-Saharan Africa (IEA 2011). Consequently, one of the major energy challenges confronting countries in sub-Sahara Africa is that of providing access to modern energy services to its citizens. The electricity access situation in Nigeria is similar to that of many developing countries: the electricity access rate in Nigeria – the percentage of population without access to electricity – is 56% (NPC 2014) which is equivalent to about xxx million persons. However, the electricity access rates in the various states vary significantly from 10.9% in Taraba State to 99.1% in Lagos State as shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1: Electricity access rate in Nigeria by states Source of data: (NPC 2014) Three main factors which are inter-related are responsible for this disparity in the electricity access rates across the states: The population density across the states varies significantly as shown in Fig. 2. Places with higher population density have higher commercial activities and in-turn higher demand for electricity. Therefore, transmission and distribution lines are often constructed to deliver electricity to such locations because the electricity so delivered will not be under-utilized[1]; The major sources of electricity generation are natural gas and hydro. The gas-powered plants are located in the Niger Delta area where there is abundance of natural gas while the hydropower plants are in Niger State. Because transmission lines are constructed to evaluate power from the generation source to demand areas, these states and other states along the path of the transmission lines tend to have higher electricity access rates; Due to the first two reasons itemized above, the national grid does not cover all parts of the country. The electricity grid covers the states with high population density but not those with low population density as shown in Fig. 3. Figure 2: Population density across the different states in Nigeria Source of data: (National Population Commission, Nigeria 2006) Figure 3: Map of Nigeria showing existing, ongoing, and proposed generation and transmission (HV) projects Source: Transmission Company of Nigeria Given the importance of electricity access to sustainable socio-economic development of a country, the government of Nigeria carried out comprehensive reforms in the electricity sector to promote efficiency in the sector. One of the objectives of the electricity sector reforms is to increase access to electricity in areas with low electricity access rate. Consequently, the Electric Power Sector Reform Act 2005 created the Rural Electrification Agency to set up and administer the Rural Electrification Fund. As noted in the Act, the purpose of the Fund is to promote rural electrification programs through public and private sector participation in order to achieve more equitable access to electricity across the various states and to ensure universal access to electricity in Nigeria within the shortest possible time. Most rural electrification projects are done by extending the existing grid to the unelectrified communities. However, studies have shown that in situations where there is a larger problem of availability of sufficient generation capacity such as in Nigeria, extending the existing grid only connects households to the grid but does not necessarily imply that electricity will be available for household or productive uses (Akpan, Essien and Isihak 2013a). Moreover, grid-extension is capital intensive which implies that it will only be cost-effective when there is adequate demand for electricity in the unelectrified communities, otherwise, it will lead to underutilization. Incidentally, as we highlighted earlier, the population densities of the states with low electricity access rate are also relatively low. In addition, substantial percentage of the population in these places lives in rural areas where energy is needed mainly to meet the basic needs of lighting and cooking. The high cos t of extending the existing grid, coupled with the low population density and the low energy demand implies that other options for increasing electricity access in these areas, i.e. decentralized option, may be considered. Indeed, studies have shown that the use of decentralized option to increase electricity access in rural areas with sparse population settlement pattern and low electricity demand profiles is usually cost-effective (Bhattacharyya 2012a). The decentralized option will often use locally-available energy sources, usually solar, wind, or hydro, to generating electricity to meet the demand in the unelectrified community. These locally available energy sources may be complemented by a stand-alone diesel/gasoline generating set. The role of the rural electrification planner in this situation is to examine the cost-effective technology option, between grid-extension and decentralized electrification, for providing access to electricity in unelectrified communities. Spatial Electricity Planning Given the huge capital outlay required to construct transmission and distribution grids, and the fact the in many developing countries a large percentage of the population resides in rural where the electricity demand profiles may be low thereby leading to gross under-utilization of electricity, several studies have used electricity planning models to obtain the cost-effective option between grid-extension and off-grid electrification for increasing electricity access in rural areas (Sinha and Kandpal 1991), (Nouni, Mullick and Kandpal 2008), (Parshall, et al. 2009) (Deichmann, et al. 2011). These studies examine the cost of delivering a given amount of electricity from the point where the existing grid terminates to an unelectrified community by extending the existing grid and compares that the cost of using an off-grid option to deliver the same amount of electricity. The cost of grid-extension usually covers the capital cost of extending the medium and/or low-voltage transmission or distribution lines to the unelectrified communities having different levels of load, the cost of increasing the generation capacity to meet the additional load levels, the cost of constructing 33/11kV substations if required, the maintenance cost, and the potential transmission/distribution losses. The cost of the off-grid option usually include the cost of constructing the distribution lines and the cost of generating electricity using different locally available sources of energy, and the maintenance cost. In more recent times, some studies (Parshall, et al. 2009), (Sanoh, et al. 2012) have incorporated geographic information system (GIS) models to this traditional electricity planning method. GIS enables the planner to visualize the spatial location of the unelectrified communities in reference to the location of the electricity grid and to calculate the spatial distance of the communities from the grid. This procedure eases the process of estimating the capital cost of extending the existing grid because the capital cost is directly proportional to the distance of unelectrified communities from the grid. Another study (Kemausuor, et al. 2014) applied the Network Planner Tool which is a free web-based program that integrates geospatial information with energy demand information at a disaggregated level to assist electricity sector planners in determining the least-cost technology option for increasing electricity access. The model was developed by the Sustainable Engineering Lab of th e Earth Institute, Columbia University, United States. Objective of the Study This study seeks to examine the cost and the least-cost technology options for achieving universal electricity access in Nigeria, i.e. electricity access for all, within a specified investment timeline. This is done by applying the Network Planner Model at the state level and then aggregating the results to provide a whole picture for the entire country. It is important to note that the model may be applied at the national level but we preferred the state level so as to provide a picture of the situation at a disaggregated level. Organization of the Study This study is organized into five parts: Part I is the Introduction which sets the background for the study; Part II is an overview of the electricity sector in Nigeria; and Part III is a presentation of the Network Planner Tool which is used in the Study. In Part IV, we present the comprehensive results; while in Part V we provide our concluding remarks. PART II: Electricity Sector in Nigeria Legal Framework The year 2005 is a pivot year in the organization of the electricity sector in Nigeria because of the Electric Power Sector Reform (EPSR) Act, 2005 which is the prevailing legal framework governing Nigeria’s electricity sector. Prior to 2005, the sector was managed by a centralized, vertically integrated, state-owned monopoly called National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) which was created in 1972. By the late 1990s and early 2000s, NEPA was characterized with large wage bills due to over-staffing, accumulated debt, low rate of recovery of bills, and corruption. The poor performance of the sector in terms of low generating capacity relative to high demand, and erratic nature of supply necessitated reforms. The reforms were envisaged as a vehicle to attract private sector investment in the generation segment, improve reliability of electricity services, and improve operational and managerial efficiency in the sector. Prior to the enactment of the EPSR Act 2005, there was the N ational Electric Power Policy in 2001 which expressed the readiness of government to engage in far reaching reforms to increase the operational efficiency of the sector and set the stage for the Act. The EPSR Act 2005 mandated the vertical unbundling the various segments of the electricity value chain; the horizontal unbundling of the facilities in the generation segment; the decentralization of the distribution activities; the privatization of the successor companies from the vertical and horizontal unbundling; the creation of an independent regulator (Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission) which is also mandated to promote private sector participation in the generating segment through independent power plants (IPPs); and the establishment of the Rural Electrification Agency. The present structure of the Nigerian electricity sector is shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1: Organizational structure of the Nigerian electricity market Source: Author’s compilation Energy resources and utilization Nigeria is highly endowed with energy resources. Its resources based comprises of solid, liquid, and gaseous fossil fuels as well as renewable energy although they are not equally distributed across the country. Fossil Fuels Nigeria’s crude oil is classified as â€Å"light† and â€Å"sweet† and is concentrated in the Niger Delta part of the country as well as the Bight of Bonny. At the end of 2011, Nigeria’s proved recoverable crude oil reserve was estimated to be 37.2 billion barrels making Nigeria to have the ninth largest  [2] crude oil reserves in the world and the second in Africa (World Energy Council, 2013). Nigeria produced about 1.75 million barrels of oil per day in 2013 (based on figures from the organization of petroleum exporting countries, OPEC) and exports a greater part of the unrefined crude oil. Xx% of domestic demand for refined products is met through imports. In terms of end-use, Xx% of gasoline (premium motor spirit) and diesel is consumed in the transportation sector, xx% for self-generated electricity, and the remaining used as industrial inputs (ref). As with crude oil, Nigeria’s natural gas is concentrated in the Niger Delta part of Nigeria and the Bight of Bonny. At the end of 2011, Nigeria’s proved recoverable gas reserves was estimated to be 5110 billion cubic meters (180.5 trillion cubic feet) making Nigeria to have the eight largest natural gas reserve in the world and largest in Africa (World Energy Council, 2013). Although Nigeria produces and exports much of its gas, a large proportion is being flared. In 2011, (World Bank, Flaring Estimates Produced by Satellite Observations, 2011) estimate that 14.6 billion cubic meters of natural gas was being flared in Nigeria. Domestic utilization of gas is mainly for power production and a small percentage is used for domestic cooking. Of the xxxMW of installed generation capacity in Nigeria, 6558MW is from gas-powered generating plants (UNECA, 2011). Nigeria also has considerable amount of coal and tar sand which are barely utilized. The Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) 2012 estimated these to be 2.7 billion tons and 31 billion barrels of oil equivalent respectively (Energy Commission of Nigeria, 2012). Renewable Energy Nigeria is blessed with enormous renewable energy resources, mainly hydro, solar, wind, and biomass. The hydrography of Nigeria is made up of several rivers as shown in Fig xx and these rivers are themselves parent rivers to many other adjoining streams. This network of water bodies provides huge potential hydro-electric power. The REMP estimated that up to 11250MW and 3500MW of large and small hydro electricity power respectively can be obtained from Nigeria’s hydro resources. However, this potential has been grossly under-utilized because only 1900MW and 64.2 MW of large and small hydro power plants have been installed till date. The southern fringes with the Atlantic Ocean experience up to 3500mm/year of rainfall occurring in over eight months while rainfall in the northern Sahelian region has rainfall sometimes last for only three months yielding 500mm/year. This implies that even though there is high potential for mini hydro electric schemes in the entire country, the most attractive regions for mini hydro power will be Southern region. Figure 2: Major Rivers in Nigeria Source: Author’s adaptation from blank map by RadosÅ‚aw Botev Due to the diverse climatic zones ranging from the mangrove swamps in the South to the Sahel savanna in the North, together with very diverse physical geography, Nigeria’s solar and wind resources vary significantly across different parts of the country. According to the REMP, average solar irradiation is between 4 and 6.5 kWh/m2/day while average wind speed is 2-4m/s at 10m for mainland areas. Till date, only about 15MW of solar installations exist often as solar home services, public lighting, or traffic lights (refs). Geothermal energy resources exist in some part of the country (Kurowska Schoeneich, 2010) identified warm springs in Ikogosi (Ondo State), Wikki (Bauchi State), Ruwan zafi (Gyakan hot spring, Adamawa State), and Akira (Awe local government area, Nassarawa State). However, a techno-economic feasibility and viability study on the potential for geothermal based electricity is yet to be conducted till date. Biomass is perhaps the most used energy form in Nigeria. According to xxx, biomass use consist of xx% of final energy consumption in Nigeria. Xx% of rural areas rely on biomass to meet their cooking needs (expand and consolidate). Biomass accounts for 37% of aggregate energy demand and 95% of rural energy use (REMP, 2005). Biomass is being depleted in some of the northern states due to desert encroachment. Studies have shown that even people with electricity access still really on biomass for cooking (Bhattacharyya, 2012; IEA, 2010). The reliance on biomass for cooking seem to be more cultural than economical Electricity Supply and Demand Publicly distributed electricity generation in Nigeria is dominated by hydro and gas-fired plants with an installed capacity of 1900MW and 6558MW respectively (UNECA, 2011). However, as at the end of 2012, the combine operational capacity of all the generating facilities was below 4600MW (FGN, 2013). There are also cogeneration plants; completed generation projects under the National Integrated Power Projects (NIPPs)[3]; and stranded power from completed IPPs which are yet to be connected to the grid (Eberhard Gratwick, 2012). As a fast-growing economy with a population of over 165 million (World Bank, 2013) and a rising number of middle-class, the demand for electricity in Nigeria far outpaces the effective capacity to supply. Daily data on peak generation and peak demand forecast from May through September, 2014 from the website of the Presidential Task Force on Power Reforms[4] showed that peak generation fluctuate between 3000MW and 4000MW while peak demand is over 12000MW yield ing a supply gap of between 8000MW and 9000MW with resulting frequent sporadic outages in areas that are connected to the grid. Moreover, Nigeria’s generation capacity per capita is relatively low when compared to other developing countries as shown in table xxx while the demand for electricity is constantly increasing. (what is the estimated electricity demand in Nigeria and the projected level of increase? ) The program requires data at different levels – household, community, and national. At the household level, data on household electricity demand profile are required. Since households belong to communities, the summation of the electricity demand of all households in a community forms the electricity demand – and also requires different types of data which may be grouped into five categories. We present below the data requirement and the modeling procedure of the Network Planner Tool. Geospatial data The model requires data on the spatial location (longitude and latitude) of the demand centers. The model also requires data on the coverage of the existing medium voltage in the area where demand centers are located. [1] It is important to mention that in states that have very low population density, there is also much variation in the population densities across the local government areas (LGAs). For example, even though the population density of Taraba State is 54persons/km2, within Taraba, the population density varies from 10 persons/km2 in Gashaka LGA to 713 persons/km2 in Jalingo LGA (2006 Census Report figures) [2] Tenth, if oil sands are included in Canada’s oil reserves. [3] Details of the structure and projects under the NIPP can be found at http://www.nipptransactions.com/ [4] http://www.nigeriapowerreform.org/

Emotionism religion Essay

I call my invented religion Emotionism. My religion will be based mainly on the belief that emotions are a manifestation of one’s faith. It will have the historical drama that is found in Roman Catholicism in that it will deliver faith by rooting this in accounts of people in the past who have been in contact with the founder of the faith. These accounts will be the foundation of my religion because they will fortify the faith by validating the love and compassion that one Jesus Christ had for His people. However, it will have none of the ritualistic practices of Catholicism because all these make it difficult to worship using the heart; instead, they focus on worship with the mind and the body. In the manner of adoration and worship, my religion will follow the ways of Buddhism and will focus on meditation and contemplation. Emotionism will seek to establish the beauty of worship using states of the mind and the heart. It will encourage journeys into one’s consciousness and discoveries into one’s self; and so, like Buddhism, will value man’s intelligence and encourage it to flourish. Emotionism, like Buddhism, will base its practices on the philosophies of transcendentalism so that each Emotionist will seek to rise beyond one’s current level. Emotionists will encourage links between the heart and the elements, between the mind and nature, and the spirit and the universe. My invented religion will promote harmony instead of division, which, although addressed by Catholicism through ecumenism, still exists among the many Christian sects. Emotionism will recognize the universality of things like Hinduism does. It will also adapt the religious passion of Hindus who believe that emotions are a potent force in altering one’s state of being. One other aspect of Hinduism that Emotionism will take into its folds is seeing beyond the physical self and recognizing the connection one human has with another in terms of the spirit – that each spirit comes from a single source and that all spirits are linked together by one common thread. Emotionism will also promote religious zeal the way Muslims do. The religious fervor and faithfulness of Muslims transcend barriers of time and space. Muslims live their faith and this is the kind of quality that I would like Emotionism to have. Emotionists will seek to defend themselves the way they defend their faith and vice versa, something Muslims are known for. Emotionism will therefore have the historical foundations of Catholicism, the adoration methods and philosophical precepts of Buddhism, the passion and recognition for emotions of Hinduism and the religious fervor of Islam. These elements of the various religions that I would like to combine would make for an almost perfect religion so that all the undesirable elements of each religion are discarded and only the desirable aspects adapted. While it is perhaps impossible that such a religion could exist, it is an exercise in intellect to know that religion can in fact be a conglomeration of beliefs and elements emanating from various other, more ancient practices and cultures. I envision my religion to be all encompassing so that no rules and laws determine who can join my religion. The most important aspect of my religion is the fact that it will attempt to unite all those divided by the eccentricities of religion, especially Christians and Muslims. It will seek to propagate understanding and the reality that even with different religions, all the peoples of the world actually just subscribe to a singular concept, and that is the concept of love and compassion.

Buying The Pearl Essay Topics

Buying The Pearl Essay Topics The Start of the Pearl Essay Topics A Pearl Harbor essay should ideally have all the info in it about the way the army ready for the counterattack. As the story goes on, the pearl appears to acquire increasingly more evil. It's also essential to note that pearl was a rather beautiful child. It is crucial to remember that Pearl was an extremely clever child. In The Pearl, Steinbeck has proven that he's a master of the usage of symbols. The best method to produce a Pearl Harbor essay introduction is to begin with the definition of Pearl Harbor itself or the overall info of the occasion. It had been attacked by an unforeseen Japanese air raid. Write your Pearl Harbor essay and delight in the greatest grades! Your paper will certainly be the very best in the class! Even if it's an urgent job, you can be certain you will deliver your essay punctually and obtain highest possible grades! At the conclusion of these list, you are going to discover links to a range of argumentative paragraphs and essays. The last write-up ought to be concise with firm language. This way you'd be able to earn the most out of your abilities. If your son or daughter is aware of what clubs or activities he or she would like to pursue in middle school or higher school, topics within this category are a really good choice. The author starts with a rather compre hensive story of an event or description of an individual or place. It is among the most effective sciences on earth. The Basic Facts of the Pearl Essay Topics In conclusion there are lots of symbols within this novel. Symbols like the pearl can carry many meanings for different characters at various times in the novella. Imagine the caliber of writing you'll receive from an inexpensive essay writing service. The perfect way to be sure the success of your youngster's admissions essay is to demonstrate how to select the most suitable essay. Another good idea is to receive some completely free essay examples of different kinds and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a prosperous debatable paper looks. At precisely the same time, it's a fantastic persuasive essay idea. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. Here are a really high number of GWAPE essay topics. Within this novel there are lots of themes explored. Throughout the entire novel lots of the characters represent other ideas. Who Else Wants to Learn About the Pearl Essay Topics? At times it's helpful to observe how others were able to get over the difficult first-line hump. Bear in mind the previous game you watched, analyze the fundamentals of playing. The usage of repetition within this paragraph of Roosevelt's speech proved to be quite clever and useful, as it gives a much increased emphasis for the point being made. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. The Secret to the Pearl Essay Topics Our top essay writing services in UK is prepared to supply you with excellent service s at an inexpensive price. It will produce the research unique. The more sources that you have, the more vivid of a picture you'll get at the conclusion of the research. The same is true for your research. Top Choices of the Pearl Essay Topics Eventually, pick the topic that you have interest in, because it will supply you with the intrinsic motivation to finish your project. That's why every social issue has to be thoroughly researched. Concentrate on the one which you chose. Writing a research essay means being a specialist in a little area. You should produce an open-ended research question. Exactly like every book should have main motif, your research really needs the principal question that you will answer at the end. Research papers are different from the majority of other kinds of papers since you are attempting to make an argument for yourself and trying to find something to say from your viewpoint.

How Hip Hop Connects With Many Different Real World Problem

Chang writes in his book about how hip hop connects with many different real world problem going on politically and socially in many different places. He tells a story of a beaten and battered area of South Bronx. In this small area there was no law or order since many jobs were lost and most of what was left there were people of color from different parts of the world, including Puerto Rico and Jamaica. Due to the lack of protection Chang tells us that gangs were created as a means of protection from the junkies and other scavengers. Their way of dealing with things was very violent in nature, later on when more and more gangs started popping up they became territorial. They attacked other members who wore their â€Å"colors† on another gang’s turf. South Bronx became a very dangerous place full of nothing but youthful gangs and gang related violence. Socially it was the lack of jobs and other necessities that led to the creation of hip hop. There became a treaty of so rts, although its terms weren’t really discussed, but the gangs decided instead of focusing on violence and other things maybe they could focus on music to show the world their struggle. So all the different gangs started producing different strands of what we call hip hop. Each had different roots in it that all became mixed into a sort of melting pot. The four elements are DJing, B-boying, MCing, and graffiti. The appeal of Hip-Hop was how it brought to light the struggle that was going on in South Bronx and allShow MoreRelatedHarlem Renaissance Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pages In the beginning of the chapter 3, Addison Gayle Jr., says that black critic today about how beautiful poem, melody, play, or novel had made single black man’s life. He also says that American writer an American for black honor attached. The one problem during the Renaissance was they had really short life there was no black people in it other than artists. 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